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October 20, 2004
Terror' Roots Not in Islam [A Reply to Robert Spencer]
[Originally published in FrontPage Magazine]
After my article on Frontpage, titled Still Standing For Islam – And Against Terrorism, Robert Spencer, the editor of the Jihad Watch website posted a rebuttal. He argued that Islam is indeed the legitimate source of terrorists such as al-Qaeda, and my arguments can't persuade those militants to stop their
violence.
I wonder how the arguments of Mr. Spencer can help the same cause, but that is trivial for now. Let me explain what I really say and what I really want to do.
In a nutshell, what I am trying to do is to show that the current terrorism under the name of Islam is not legitimate from an Islamic point of view. By doing so, I want to refute two diametrically opposing camps: Islamist terrorists and some of the harsh critics of Islam. Interestingly, both camps agree that Islam is a cult of violence, whereas for me, and for hundreds of millions of Muslims around the globe, Islam is a path to God. We just wish to cleanse that path from the distortions of the politically oriented radicals and intolerant bigots.
When I say terrorism (or authoritarianism) is not legitimate from an Islamic point of view, I mean the Islamic ideal that I believe in, and which is based on the Koran, besides everything else. Of course, there are Muslims who think that evils such as attacks against American or Israeli civilians, kidnappings, bombings, repressive regimes or anti-Semitism are legitimate. They are obviously out there, as we all know. I am trying to de-legitimize their doctrine. I am not trying to 'cover up' militant Islamists, as I have been accused of doing on Jihad Watch.
Mr. Spencer also quoted the "Muslim Q&A" website, which promotes compulsion in religion. Well, I am horrified by such views, which I believe to be totally contradictory to the spirit of the Koran and I am ready to stand against them.
Yet Mr. Spencer insists that such efforts won't persuade the militants to have a farewell to arms or the fanatics to accept freedom of worship. He is right. I don't expect al-Qaeda militants to weep and repent when they read what I, or what many other moderate Muslims — most of them much more qualified then myself — write. But we can, Lord willing, persuade the Muslim masses that are confused about what to believe; confused whether al-Qaeda and its ilk are brave heroes of Islam or a bunch of bigoted zealots.
Moreover, while we moderates can't probably convert militants into peaceniks, it is very probable that portraying Islam as a cult of violence will help converting non-violent Muslims into militants. The majority of the world's Muslims, who believe that their religion demands peace, will be horrified to see what they will perceive as anti-Islamic propaganda and will be prone anti-Western sentiments. Please let's be careful about this.
Mr. Spencer also criticizes me for defining an Islamic case of just war. He writes,
Likewise, Akyol's contention that "the war verses describe only an abnormal state of affairs — in which the Muslim community faced an enemy that sought its annihilation — and verses that promote peace and tolerance describe the Islamic ideal" will do nothing to pacify radical Muslims, since they have argued again and again that today the Muslim community faces an enemy that seeks its annihilation.
Well, defining a concept of just war cannot prevent fanatics to distort the current reality and raise a false justification. When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, for example, the justification was that they undertook military intervention in response to an official request for help by the Afghanistan government, and also fulfilling treaty obligations under the terms of the Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty. On paper, that could sound legitimate. In reality, it was an obvious distortion of facts. The problem was not the theory on paper, rather the Orwellian method of misinterpreting real events.
What al-Qaeda and its ilk do is to distort both the Islamic doctrine of war (on paper), and the current events. In a forthcoming article of mine, I explain why it is a big distortion to present the U.S. as the enemy of Islam while it saved Muslims from slaughter or starvation in many recent conflicts, such as Bosnia, Kosovo, Somalia and Afghanistan (during the Soviet Invasion.)
In other words, it is not my fault if militants distort the doctrine of just war, but I am determined to stand against that, too.
Mr. Spencer also questions my opposition to the doctrine of abrogation (naskh), which holds that some Koranic verses are abrogated by the later ones. He says that doctrine is rooted in the Koran. That is a common view, but I and other critics of abrogation don't think so. As also explained in the article that I linked to in my recent Frontpage piece, that abrogation in question should be better understood as the abrogation of previous revelations by the Koran.
Mr. Spencer also criticized me for quoting hadiths and sira, while I "rejected" them at the same time. But I did not say I reject these secondary sources of Islam; I said I "question" them. This means I believe that we can refer to these sources to learn about the works of Prophet Muhammad, but since they are very late collections, they might well include untrue stories and we can be critical and selective on them. And this is not a completely unorthodox view. As I pointed out in my recent Frontpage article, even the very conservative Al-Azhar is reconsidering to purify the sources of hadith from "the strange, the false and from forgery."
Mr. Spencer also argued that I "dismissed the Armenian genocide... in order to avoid ten years in prison as mandated by law in [my] native Turkey." I don't know how Mr. Spencer can figure out my motives. In fact, I don't care about any penal law while building my arguments. If I had believed that the tragedy in 1915 was "Armenian Genocide", I would have said that. (Well, some people say that in Turkey, such as my university professor Halil Berktay, and they are obviously not in jail.) Mr. Spencer even used the horrific term "Holocaust denial" to describe my position on the Armenian issue. I am confident that in this "Holocaust denial," my references are not notorious pro-Nazis like Ernst Zundel or Arthur Butz, but esteemed historians such Bernard Lewis and Daniel Pipes.
However, despite all these, I should say that I appreciate Mr. Spencer's commentary on my writing. He has pointed out some points that I should have stressed more or clarified. Thus, I believe that all these rebuttals and counter-rebuttals I have with Mr. Spencer (and Mr. Bostom) and all the comments about me at Frontpage and Jihad Watch stirs a "creative tension", which is indeed fruitful, as long as it does not turn into to a blind exchange of accusations and counter-accusations.
I believe that Mr. Spencer's Jihad Watch will never decline to such a one-sided, bigoted point of view. After all, if you watch something, you have to look through a fair lens in order to see it right.
As far as it goes that way, I am glad to be "watched" — since my "jihad" (struggle) is focused on saving Islam from militancy and bigotry.
Posted by Mustafa Akyol at October 20, 2004 12:28 AM

Mr. Robert Spencer has spent his life maligning Muslims, Islam and everything Islamic. The shallow book is certainly not a scholarly document measured by any yardstick. Mr. Spencer's ideas are not new. Nor do they provide any unique or innovative perspective.
Mr. Spencer cleverly misuses verses of the Quran, often quoting incomplete parts of a surah (Quranic verse), and quotes unsubstantiated "hadith" (sayings of the prophet). Mr. Spencer does not compare the Quran with the Old Testament, and what it says in Deuteronomy and Numbers. I am listing just a few examples of the fallacies of Mr. Spencer's writings. For more details, please do your own research and read the Quran. I recommend the translation by Muhammad Asad. His commentaries are wonderful because he does compare the Quranic injunctions with Judaism and Christianity.
1) [2:62] Surely, those who believe, those who are Jewish, the Christians, and the converts; anyone who (1) believes in GOD, and (2) believes in the Last Day, and (3) leads a righteous life, will receive their recompense from their Lord. They have nothing to fear, nor will they grieve.
This verse actually gives credence to interfaith harmony. For some reason, Mr. Spencer thinks that this is a bad verse.
2) [5:59] Say, "O people of the scripture, do you not hate us because we believe in GOD, and in what was revealed to us, and in what was revealed before us, and because most of you are not righteous?"
3) Mr. Kabbani's quote about 80% mosques is being misused and is inaccurate. Mr. Kabannis Sufism is in conflict with mainstream Islam. Mr. Kabbani did not have any statistical data to prove his point, and has since then backed away from any such claim.
4) Mr. Spencer gives his perspective of ancient incidents and then tries to use them to spread his hatred for American and European Muslims and Islams in general. Case is point: The so called murder of Bani Qureizah in Medina. Mr. Spencer mentions the incident as if it is fact. He ignores the overwhelming body of current evidence that gives credence to the fact that the murders never took place. The murders were first mentioned 100 years after the death of the prophet Muhammad and was mentioned in a Jewish biography of the prophet. I suggest that the readers read "New Light on the Story of Banu Qurayza and the Jews of Medina" by Mr. W.N. Arafat Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland,
(1976), pp. 100-107(http://www.globalwebpost.com/farooqm/study_res/islam/qurayzah/arafat.html)
5) Mr. Spencer also mentions the age of Prophet Muhammad's wife and accuses him of pedophilia. The age of Ayesha has been mentioned up to 19 in many different history books. Additionally, Mr. Mention does not mention the fact that the average lifespan of women in the 7th century was around 30, and according to many texts, Mary (mother of Jesus) was a pre-teenager.
6) Mr. Spencer also wrongly fully mentions that fact that Muhammad married his daughter-in-law. This is a blatant lie because Muhammad did not have any sons. His daughter was called Fatima.
7) Mr. Spencer also wrongfully mentions the Quranic surah about �kill the infidels�. Mr. Spencer is deceitful in not completing the entire text of the surah in which severe restrictions are placed on �killing�. The Quran says, �fight them� only if you are attacked, and if they come into your homes and take over your homes. Even then do not transgress, and it is best not to fight at all. It then tells the followers of Islam, not to kill anyone who repents.
8) Mr. Spencer also misquotes the incident of the �suleh hubaidiyah�. The prophet Muhammad signed the agreement and lived by it for years. However the Meccans did not live up to it and repeatedly attacked Medina and the Muslim caravans. After the agreement was dead, the prophet gave asylum to fleeing refugees from Medina.
9) Mr. Spencer also incorrectly states the incident of the marriages of the prophet Muhammad. The Prophet was married to a Christian woman by the name of Khatiga. In his old age he did marry more women but that was to give the old women shelter and save them from slavery/prostitution.
10) Mr. Spencer also incorrectly states the concept of jihad. The prophet and the Quran clearly state that the best jihad is of self control. Warfare is allowed for defensive purposes.
11) Mr. Spencer also mistranslates �infidel�. Christians and Jews are not �infidels�.The prophet called Jews and Christians as �people of the book� or �ahle kitaab�. Kaafir is actually one who is �ungrateful, and one who does not believe. The Quran always mentions �there is no compulsion in Islam� and always says �be magnanimous� to your enemies.
Mr. Spencer and his ilk have written worse things about Islam and the prophet Muhammad. Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world and the fastest growing religion in America. 4 out of 5 of the coverts are women.
Fortunately Mr. Spencer is out of sync as of this mid-term election. The American people can no longer be scared by these half-truth and lies. Bigots will buy this book to reconfirm their messages. I encourage all to purchase "What's Right with Islam" (by Imam Faisal), and Muhammad by Karen Armstrong to see clear rebuttals to Mr. Spencer. Please also read "the Ornament of the World" by Maria Rosa Menocal.
Mr. Spencer, may God Bless you and he give you guidance and peace.
Posted by: Moin Ansari at December 4, 2006 6:33 AM
SalaamunAlaikum!
Mr.Mustafa,keep up the good work you are doing.
Ignoring "Mufsideens" as such as M.Spencer.
I being a very layman in my own capacity, carry a lot of Quranic in depth references which directly deny the physical violence or should we say THE SO CALLED JIHAD.......Which,AlhamdoLillah,Quran calls "Fisaad".
Would be more than happy to share the Quranic references with a person as such as your own kind self.
Please feel free to contact me.
Take care!
SalaamunAlaikum.
Posted by: Anwer Razvi at December 29, 2007 2:35 PM